What are the similarities and differences of the different process of germination seed scarification and seed stratification?

What are the similarities and differences of the different process of germination seed scarification and seed stratification?

Stratification and scarification are two techniques that induce seed germination. Stratification uses temperature to break dormancy, while scarification breaks down the seed coat, which is hard and impermeable to water. In stratification, seeds are mostly put under moist and cold conditions to stimulate germination.

What is scarification and stratification of seeds?

Simply put, stratification (warm or cold) and scarification are techniques gardeners use to artificially replicate natural germination conditions. Scarification puts cracks in the tough exterior of a seed, while stratification mimics winter conditions so plants anticipate the growth of spring.

What is the definition of seed scarification?

Scarification in botany involves weakening, opening, or otherwise altering the coat of a seed to encourage germination. Any process designed to make the testa (seed coat) more permeable to water and gases (and thus more likely to germinate) is known as scarification.

What is the difference between stratification and vernalization?

The key difference between vernalization and stratification is that vernalization is a treatment that is used to promote flower initiation, while stratification is a treatment that is used to break seed dormancy. Vernalization accelerates early flowering while stratification breaks seed dormancy.

What seeds benefit from scarification?

Large, thick seeds such as morning glory, moonflower, nasturtiums, and purple hyacinth bean are the most likely candidates for scarifying. Although edible beans are large seeds, they will not need scarification.

What are the different ways of seed scarification how do they differ from the other?

Important methods of seed scarification include heat, freeze-thaw, mechanical and acid scarification. Heat scarification is the method that uses high temperatures to break or crack seed coat (Staker, 1925; Tomer and Maguire, 1989).

What cultures use scarification?

The significance of the scarification process and resulting scars varies from culture to culture. Historically, scarification has been practiced in Africa, Australia, Papua New Guinea, South America, Central America, and North America.

Do all seeds need scarification?

Common Seed Varieties That Need Scarification Note: Most vegetable seeds are soft and do not require any scarification. Morning Glories are one of the seeds that benefit from scarification and soaking to speed up germination.

What is the difference between scarification and stratification?

Stratification is a general term that refers to a range of processes used to simulate natural conditions (typically temperature and moisture) that seeds require before germination can occur. Scarification refers to various techniques used to break physical dormancy (explained below).

What is mechanical scarification?

Mechanical scarification is the tilling or ripping of the soil across the slope using farm- ing or construction equipment.

Why do seeds need scarification?

For the most successful (and quickest) germination of these seeds, you can scarify and soak the seeds before planting. Seed Scarification: nicking, breaking, softening, or otherwise weakening of the seed coating meant to speed up germination.

How common is scarification?

A 2003 Harris poll estimated that 36 percent of 25- to 29-year-olds in the U.S. have one or more tattoos. Now some are going further. They are scarring themselves by cutting or branding their skin—a process known as scarification.

What is the difference between stratification and scarification?

Scarification (cracking the hard outer shell) and stratification (fooling seeds into thinking they’ve been through winter) are two simple techniques that will save you a lot of frustration when starting seeds. Stratification and scarification occur naturally when seeds stay outdoors through the cold winter.

What is scarification in seed preparation?

Scarification Scarification of seed is the process of scratching the seed coat to allow moisture to enter the seed itself. If a seed requires scarification, gently scratch the seed with a sandpaper block prior to planting outdoors, or prior to moist stratification. Many members of the pea family (legumes) benefit from scarification.

What is seed stratification and how does it work?

Seed stratification is sometimes better known as cold stratification and the easiest way to accomplish this is by planting the seeds directly into the ground and letting nature do the work, like in the case of these purple coneflower seeds I direct sowed in the garden.

What is the role of stratification in plant reproduction?

Stratification is a mechanism that helps to overcome physiological dormancy of seeds. In other words, stratification helps to break embryonic or internal dormancy of seeds. Hence, stratification refers to the mechanism in which seeds are put under moist and cold conditions for a period of time in order to stimulate seed germination.