What is a break in a rock called?

What is a break in a rock called?

When rocks break in response to stress, the resulting break is called a fracture. If rocks on one side of the break shift relative to rocks on the other side, then the fracture is a fault.

Is the breakdown of rocks into pieces?

Weathering is the physical and chemical breakdown of rock at the earth’s surface. The physical breakdown of rock involves breaking rock down into smaller pieces through mechanical weathering processes. These processes include abrasion, frost wedging, pressure release (unloading), and organic activity.

Where do rocks rupture?

The point within the earth where the fault rupture starts is called the focus or hypocenter. This is the exact location within the earth were seismic waves are generated by sudden release of stored elastic energy. The epicenter is the point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus.

What is a fracture pattern?

Here are several types of fracture patterns: Avulsion Fracture: when a fragment of bone is separated from the main mass. Buckled Fracture: (or impacted fracture), ends are driven into each other; commonly seen in arm fractures in children. Comminuted Fracture: the bone breaks into several pieces.

What is the point in the crust where the rock layer breaks or where the first movement occurs?

The point on a fault at which the first movement or break occurs during an earthquake is called the earthquake’s hypocenter (focus) (Figure 1). In the case of a large earthquake, a section of a fault that is many kilometers long may slip, but there is always a point at which the first movement occurred.

What is the meaning of ground rupture?

In seismology, surface rupture (or ground rupture, or ground displacement) is the visible offset of the ground surface when an earthquake rupture along a fault affects the Earth’s surface. Surface rupture entails vertical or horizontal movement, on either side of a ruptured fault.

Where does a break or crack in the crust take place?

A break or crack in the Earth’s crust where two plates come together is a fault. Movements in Earth’s crust caused by a sudden shift of Earth’s plates are called earthquakes. Where do fast changes on the Earth take place? The crust or surface.

What are the twists and bends in rocks called?

Folds constitute the twists and bends in rocks. Faults are planes of detachment resulting when rocks on either side of the displacement slip past one another. 1. Figure 10.6: There are basically 3 types of tectonic forces that can deform rocks. The type of strain (deformation) that develops in a rock depends on the tectonic force.

What are folds and faults and rock deformation?

CHAPTER 10: Folds, Faults and Rock Deformation . 1. Figure 10.6: Rocks that were originally deposited in horizontal layers can subsequently deform by tectonic forces into folds and faults. Folds constitute the twists and bends in rocks. Faults are planes of detachment resulting when rocks on either side of the displacement slip past one another.

What is it called when the plates come together?

A place where the plates come together and rocks move along one or both sides of a crack is called a fault. Most earthquakes in Earth’s crust are caused by a sudden shift of Earth’s plates. Most earthquakes happen where Earth’s plates meet. Plates pull apart and rocks above the fault surface move down in a normal fault.