Admin Table of Contents
Why do people have different responses to drugs?
The body adapts to its presence and needs a higher amount for the person to feel the same results. Taking certain drugs can cause you to develop a tolerance at a faster rate than others. For example, the way opioids interact with the body creates a tolerance in a short time.
What are the bases for individual responses to drugs?
The field of predicting responses to drugs has different strategies and methods, among which we find: the use of liver microsomes, cell models, monitoring of probe drugs, assays with recombinant proteins and recently the use of microarray platforms or DNAchips.
What are the major sources of variability between individual patients in drug response?
There are two major sources of variability between individual patients in drug response. These are variation in the relationship between: dose and plasma concentration (pharmacokinetic variability) drug concentration at the receptor and the response (pharmacodynamic variability) (Fig.
How do individual differences play a role in the pharmacodynamics of drugs?
Clinical evidence demonstrates that individual differences present before the first drug experience modulate sensitivity to drug reward. These differences are thought to reflect both genetic and environmental determinants. Similarly, clinical evidence suggests that social influences can enhance drug use.
What are the factors influencing responses to drugs?
Drug response can be impacted by several factors including diet, comorbidities, age, weight, drug–drug interactions, and genetics. Individual genetic variation in key genes involved in the metabolism, transport, or drug target can contribute to risk of adverse events108 or treatment failure.
What is individual drug variation?
Variations in response to drugs may be pharmacodynamic, implying inter-individual differences in the response of receptors in equal concentrations of drug, or pharmacokinetic, implying that individuals receiving the same dose of drug will have different concentrations of drug in their body fluids.
What is a individual response?
These subtle physiological responses are believed to be a function of the demands of a situation or particular stimuli, an individual’s predisposition to respond in a specific fashion, and the interaction between the two. …
What is individual variation pharmacology?
What is individual variation in drug response?
What are the factors that affect drug response?
What individual factors influence pharmacodynamics?
A drug’s pharmacodynamics can be affected by physiologic changes due to disease, genetic mutations, aging, or other drugs. These changes occur because of the ability of the disorders to change receptor binding, alter the level of binding proteins, or decrease receptor sensitivity.
What factors affect drug response?
Why do people respond to drugs differently?
Everyone responds to drugs differently. The way a person responds to a drug is affected by many factors, including. Genetic makeup. Age. Body size. Use of other drugs and dietary supplements (such as medicinal herbs) Consumption of food (including beverages) Presence of diseases (such as kidney or liver disease)
What causes inter-individual variation in drug response?
Variation in the drug concentrations achieved by equivalent doses is a much more important cause of the inter-individual variation in drug response encountered in clinical practice. There are many reasons why the absorption, metabolism and excretion of drugs might vary.
Why do drug responses to equivalent drug concentrations vary?
Variation in the response to equivalent drug concentrations arises because of various factors, such as differences in receptor number and structure, receptor-coupling mechanisms and physiological changes in target organs resulting from differences in genetics, age and health.
What is pharmacokinetics of drug response?
Variability in the human drug response Variations in response to drugs may be pharmacodynamic, implying inter-individual differences in the response of receptors in equal concentrations of drug, or pharmacokinetic, implying that individuals receiving the same dose of drug will have different concentrations of drug in their body fluids. E …