What kind of cells does the hepatitis virus attack?

What kind of cells does the hepatitis virus attack?

When a hepatitis virus gets into the bloodstream and attacks liver cells, the body’s immune system responds to fight it. Temporary inflammation is part of this response. But if inflammation persists for months or years, it can damage or even destroy liver cells.

How does hepatitis B virus enter the cell?

Host Cell Factors Involved in HBV Internalization. After binding to the hepatocyte via NTCP, HBV must enter the cell. This entry is thought to occur via endocytosis. However, the detailed mechanisms by which NTCP mediates HBV entry remain to be determined.

What are the antigens of hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): A protein on the surface of hepatitis B virus; it can be detected in high levels in serum during acute or chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The presence of HBsAg indicates that the person is infectious.

What is the virus attachment protein of hepatitis B virus?

The HBV surface protein antigens (HBsAg) are comprised of three carboxyl-co-terminal HBs proteins termed large (LHBs), middle (MHBs) and small (SHBs, also called major) protein [3, 4]. LHBs and MHBs also share the highly hydrophobic, repetitive, membrane-spanning S domain.

How does hepatitis B affect the host?

It is estimated that more than 350 million individuals are chronically infected with HBV; many of whom (ca. ¼) will eventually develop severe liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common forms of human cancer (Seeger et al., 2007).

What type of pathogen causes hepatitis?

General Overview. Hepatitis viruses are important human pathogens that cause severe liver disease worldwide. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes acute hepatitis in humans, and as a potential agent of bioterrorism (BT) it poses a threat to the safety of the blood supply.

How do you get HEPB?

The hepatitis B virus can be spread in the following ways:

1. unprotected vaginal or anal sex.
2. living in a household with a person with chronic (life-long) HBV infection.
3. sharing personal care items such as toothbrushes, razors, or nail clippers.
4. mother passing the infection to her infant during birth.

What is Australian antigen?

HBsAg (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its presence in blood indicates current hepatitis B infection.

What does anti-HBs positive mean?

■ Anti-HBs [sometimes written as HBsAb] (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen): when this is “positive” or “reactive,” it means the person is immune to hepatitis B infec- tion, either from vaccination or from past infection.

What is covalently closed circular DNA?

cccDNA (covalently closed circular DNA) is a special DNA structure that arises during the propagation of some viruses in the cell nucleus and may remain permanently there. It is a double-stranded DNA that originates in a linear form that is ligated by means of DNA ligase to a covalently closed ring.

Is HAV RNA or DNA?

Hepatitis A virus is an enteric picornavirus. Its genome is a single stranded RNA molecule of positive-strand polarity of 7478 bases.

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