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What is the mechanism of saponification?
Saponification: The process in which a triacylglyceride is reacted with aqueous hydroxide ion to form a mixture of glycerol and fatty acid salts (soaps). The reaction mechanism follows the nucleophilic carbonyl substitution pathway.
What is saponification explain with example?
Saponification is the hydrolysis of an ester under acidic or basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid. Saponification is commonly used to refer to the reaction of a metallic alkali (base) with a fat or oil to form soap. Example: Ethanoic acid reacts with alcohols in the presence of a conc.
What is the first step in the mechanism of our saponification reaction?
Step 1: The hydroxide ion from the alkali molecule swoops in and performs a nucleophilic attack on the ester or fatty molecule.
What is the equation for saponification?
The base used in the saponification reaction must always contain a hydroxide ion. What bases are most commonly used for this reaction? The products of the reaction are glycerol and a crude soap. The chemical formula of the soap is CH3(CH2)14COO−Na+.
Why is it called saponification?
The reaction is called a saponification from the Latin sapo which means soap. The name comes from the fact that soap used to be made by the ester hydrolysis of fats. Due to the basic conditions a carboxylate ion is made rather than a carboxylic acid.
What is the importance of Saponification?
Saponification is important to the industrial user for it helps to know the amount of free fatty acid that is present in a food material. The quantity of free fatty acid can be distinguished by determining the quantity of alkali that must be added to the fat or oil to make it neutral.
What are the reagent used in saponification?
Saponification is a process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called “soap.” The triglycerides are most often animal fats or vegetable oils. When sodium hydroxide is used, a hard soap is produced.
What is saponification value and its significance?
The higher the saponification value, the lower the fatty acids average length, the lighter the mean molecular weight of triglycerides and vice-versa. Practically, fats or oils with high saponification value (such as coconut and palm oil) are more suitable for soap making.
What is the formula for saponification?
10) Calculate the saponification value using the formula : Saponification value or number of fat = mg of KOH consumed by 1g of fat. Weight of KOH = Normality of KOH * Equivalent weight* volume of KOH in litres Volume of KOH consumed by 1g fat = [Blank – test]ml
What is the reaction for saponification?
Saponification is the chemical reaction that makes soap. While most often the one-step triglyceride reaction with lye is considered, there is also a two-step saponification reaction. In the two-step reaction, steam hydrolysis of the triglyceride yields carboxylic acid (rather than its salt) and glycerol.
What is saponification process?
Saponification is a process that involves conversion of fat or oil into soap and alcohol by the action of heat in the presence of aqueous alkali (e.g. NaOH ).
What are the products of saponification?
Saponification is the hydrolysis of a carboxylic acid ester under basic conditions. The direct products are a carboxylic acid salt and an alcohol.