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What is it called when DNA strands separate?
This is carried out by an enzyme? called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds? holding the complementary? bases? of DNA together (A with T, C with G). The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’.
How does DNA separate into two strands?
The initiation of DNA replication occurs in two steps. First, a so-called initiator protein unwinds a short stretch of the DNA double helix. Then, a protein known as helicase attaches to and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the DNA strands, thereby pulling apart the two strands.
What separates the parent strands of DNA?
DNA helicase
DNA helicase unwinds the double helix, separating the two strands so they may be replicated by DNA polymerase. Primase adds an RNA primer to help initiate DNA replication. DNA ligase is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during replication.
How are the parental strands of DNA kept apart while replication is occurring when both parental strands are serving as templates to create new daughter strands?
The untwisting of the double helix by helicase causes additional twisting of the DNA molecule ahead of the replication fork. After the parental strands have been separated by helicase, single stranded binding proteins bind to the parental strands to keep them from reannealing to each other.
What keeps two DNA strands separate during replication?
Helicase separates the two strands of DNA at the Replication Fork behind the topoisomerase. Bind to ssDNA and prevent the DNA double helix from re-annealing after DNA helicase unwinds it, thus maintaining the strand separation, and facilitating the synthesis of the new strand.
What is the template for a new DNA strand during DNA replication?
DNA double helix
DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning that each strand in the DNA double helix acts as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand. This process takes us from one starting molecule to two “daughter” molecules, with each newly formed double helix containing one new and one old strand.
What type of DNA is created during transcription?
RNA molecule
During transcription, a portion of the cell’s DNA serves as a template for creation of an RNA molecule. (RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is chemically similar to DNA, except for three main differences described later on in this concept page.)