Admin Table of Contents
What is it called when a drug is excreted from the body?
Drug excretion is the removal of drugs from the body, either as a metabolite or unchanged drug. There are many different routes of excretion, including urine, bile, sweat, saliva, tears, milk, and stool.
How the drugs are removed from the body?
Excretion is the removal of waste substances from body fluids, and predominantly occurs via urine formed in the kidneys. Other routes of excretion from the body can include in bile, saliva, sweat, tears, faeces, milk and exhaled air. Most drugs are metabolised first prior to being excreted.
What is the difference between clearance and elimination?
Clearance is defined as ‘the volume of blood cleared of drug per unit time’. Drug elimination rate is defined as ‘the amount of drug cleared from the blood per unit time’ In first order kinetics, elimination rate is proportional to dose, while clearance rate remains independent of the dose.
What is pharmacokinetics of a drug?
Pharmacokinetics is currently defined as the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabo- lism, and excretion. Clinical pharmacokinetics is the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the safe and effective therapeutic management of drugs in an individual patient.
What is systemic clearance?
Total or systemic clearance, the sum of all individual organ clearance responsible for overall elimination of a drug, can be predicted empirically using allometry.
What is hepatic clearance?
Hepatic clearance, or the ability of the liver to extract and metabolize a drug as it passes through the liver, is controlled by hepatic blood flow (Q), protein binding (fu) and the intrinsic ability of the liver enzymes to metabolize a drug (Clint).
What is another term for biotransformation of a drug?
Drug metabolism is the term used to describe the biotransformation of pharmaceutical substances in the body so that they can be eliminated more easily.
Do all drugs undergo biotransformation?
Drugs can undergo one of four potential biotransformations: Active Drug to Inactive Metabolite, Active Drug to Active Metabolite, Inactive Drug to Active Metabolite, Active Drug to Toxic Metabolite (biotoxification).