What does Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act do?

What does Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act do?

As amended in 1982, Section 2 prohibits voting practices that result in citizens being denied equal access to the political process on account of race, color, or membership in a language minority group.

What is Section 4b of the Voting Rights Act?

Congress enacted the Voting Rights Act in 1965. Section 4 bans all tests or devices, such as literacy and knowledge tests, moral-character requirements, and the need for vouchers from registered voters.

What does the Voting Rights Act of 1965 forbid?

This act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting.

What does Section 2 of the 15th Amendment mean?

The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the use of race in determining which citizens can vote and how they do so. Section 2 of the amendment gives Congress the power to enforce it by enacting federal egislation that ensures racial equality in voting.

What does section 3 of the Voting Rights Act mean?

Section 3 and Section 8 of the VRA give the federal courts and the Attorney General, respectively, authority to certify counties for the assignment of federal observers. Federal observers are assigned to polling places so they can monitor election-day practices in response to concerns about compliance with the VRA.

What is Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act?

Under Section 5, any change with respect to voting in a covered jurisdiction — or any political subunit within it — cannot legally be enforced unless and until the jurisdiction first obtains the requisite determination by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or makes a submission to the …

What did the 26th Amendment do?

On July 1, 1971, our Nation ratified the 26th Amendment to the Constitution, lowering the voting age to 18. We also made a national commitment that the right to vote would never be denied or abridged for any adult voter based on their age.

Who passed Voting Rights Act of 1965?

President Lyndon Johnson
On August 6, 1965, President Lyndon Johnson signed the landmark Voting Rights Act, a centerpiece of the civil rights movement that is still the subject of debate. The Voting Rights Act’s origins were in the 15th Amendment’s 1870 ratification.

Who opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Democrats and Republicans from the Southern states opposed the bill and led an unsuccessful 83-day filibuster, including Senators Albert Gore, Sr. (D-TN) and J. William Fulbright (D-AR), as well as Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV), who personally filibustered for 14 hours straight.

What does Section 3 of the 15th Amendment mean?

Right to Vote Not Denied by Race.

Does the Council have to appoint the mayor pro tem?

The council doesn’t have to appoint the mayor pro tem, but may certainly choose to do so, in which case that person’s seat becomes vacant and the council appoints someone to fill that vacancy. Or the council may choose to appoint someone else to fill the vacancy in the mayor’s office.

Can a city council member refuse to fill a vacancy?

If the legislature intended this result, it seems that the statute would say they “may” fill the vacancy. City council members sometimes suggest that they would prefer to leave it to the electorate to choose a new council member – essentially making a decision not to fill the vacancy before the next election.

Can a school board member be removed by the legislature?

The legislature is almost certainly not going to remove the board member by local act. The district attorney is very unlikely to prosecute the board member in a way that could lead to removal. And unlike the situation where there is a need to remove a disqualified member, the board cannot simply declare a vacancy and proceed to fill it.

When does an elected official become ipso facto vacant?

For cities, there is a helpful statute, GS 160A-59 that provides this: “When any elected city officer ceases to meet all of the qualifications for holding office . . ., the office is ipso facto vacant.” This city statute provides no removal procedure and there is no corresponding statute at all for school boards or for boards of commissioners.