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What are the effects of pollution in Yamuna River?
High amounts of heavy metals in water can cause several health effects such as reduced growth and development, cancer, organ damage, nervous system damage, etc. More than 800 million litres of largely untreated sewage is pumped in the Yamuna each day.
What are the causes and effects of the pollution of Yamuna River in Delhi?
Untreated sewage may contain soap-detergent particles. The other sources are industrial effluents, organic matter from decomposing vegetation and presence of filamentous bacteria. The pollution from sugar and paper industries in Uttar Pradesh that travel through the Hindon canal also causes pollution in the Yamuna.
What pollutants are in the Yamuna?
A layer of toxic foam has covered the Yamuna river in Delhi as a result of water pollution. Much of the pollution is due to discharge from industries and factories and a rising level of ammonia in the river to 3 parts per million.
What species live in the Yamuna River?
The dominant species of Bacillariophyceae in the Yamuna river are Amphora sp., Navicula sp., Synedra sp. and Tabellaria sp. Sarkar (2011) reported 10 prominent genera in YR4 stretch as Cyclotella, Gomphonema, Stauroneis, Nitzshia, Fragillaria, Syndra, Navicula, Melosira, Frustulia and Amphora.
How did Yamuna river become polluted?
It has become dirtier over the years as most of the capital’s sewage, farm pesticides from neighbouring states and industrial effluents from factory towns flow into the waterway despite laws against polluting.
How did Yamuna get polluted?
Among the main reasons for Yamuna pollution are low water levels, 18 drains (mainly Najafgarh and Barapullah) releasing sewage into the river. The Najafgarh drain also carries waste released by factories in neighboring Gurugram and Manesar.
What causes Yamuna river pollution?
Essentially, the release of poorly treated or even completely untreated sewage is responsible for the frothing and foaming of the river water. Surfactants and phosphates that originate from detergents used in households and industrial laundries, when released in the river untreated, create the foam.
What causes Yamuna pollution?
The major causes contributing to the pollution of Yamuna are: untreated sewage, industrial effluents, the dumping of garbage, open sewage drains, lack of sufficient sewage treatment plants, soil erosion, open and dead bodies, immersion of idols, Aesthetic activities and pollution due to in-stream uses of water (CPCB.
Why did Yamuna get polluted?
Among the main reasons for Yamuna pollution are low water levels, 18 drains (mainly Najafgarh and Barapullah) releasing sewage into the river. Delhi government claims there are 34 STPs (sewage treatment plants) working at 20 locations across the capital, which have a collective capacity of treating 577 MGD waste daily.
Does Yamuna have fishes?
Puthi is most common fish variety being found in the river. Chilwa, Bachua and golden are found in less number. Baam and Malli fish have nearly extinct while Mangur is only found in polluted stretches. “Puthi survives all the adverse environment.
How you can stop pollution in rivers?
Don’t throw any solid waste into the water streams as it clogs the flow of water thereby leading to pollution. Avoid releasing construction waste into the river. Use organic gardening techniques and avoid using pesticides and other herbicides. Avoid releasing harmful chemicals and oils into storm drains or rivers.
What are the main causes of water pollution in Yamuna River?
Pollution done by the agriculture land on the Yamuna river basin is the second major cause of its pollution. A shift towards the organic farming and Zero Budget natural farming ZBNF is needed to be promoted, especially in the banks of the river Yamuna. The landslide near the Yamuna river basin also causes water pollution.
What is healthy river Yamuna research?
Hence, the broad concept of healthy river Yamu research work to assess the concentration level of industrial effluents, distribution and enrichment of contaminated heavy metals which shows their bio the deterioration of water quality of river Yamuna. . State wise land use pattern of river Yamuna catchment area
How does the Yamuna river flow in Delhi during dry months?
Okhla Barrage which is the exit point for the river in Delhi, during the dry months, almost no water is released from these barrages to the downstream Yamuna. Instead discharges from the Shahdara drain join the river downstream of the barrage, bringing effluents from east Delhi and Noida into the river.
What are the major industries along the Yamuna River?
In lower stretch, the Yamuna becomes a drain, and polluting the river. These industries include paper, sugar, chem ical, leather, distillery, pharmaceuticals, power etc. It has sev eral large and industrial cities on its banks like Yamunanagar, Sonepat, Panipat, Delhi, Agra an d Mathura (Fig. 2).