How do the temperatures vary on Earth?

How do the temperatures vary on Earth?

But the global temperature mainly depends on how much energy the planet receives from the Sun and how much it radiates back into space—quantities that change very little. A one-degree global change is significant because it takes a vast amount of heat to warm all the oceans, atmosphere, and land by that much.

Why does temperature vary over Earth’s surface?

Solar heating of the Earth’s surface is uneven because land heats faster than water, and this causes air to warm, expand and rise over land while it cools and sinks over the cooler water surfaces. This differential heating is passed on to the air above by conduction which causes air expansion and changes in pressure.

What determines Earth’s surface temperature?

If you go to the top of the earth’s atmosphere (Figure 1), about 100 km above the surface, and measure the amount of incoming radiation and subtract from that the amount of outgoing radiation, what is left, the net radiative flux, is what determines earth’s temperature.

Why does temperature vary from one place to the other?

Answer: the temperature may vary from one place to another because of their location on map/globe. If they are near equator they may have hot and humid type of climate and if they goes more toward poles the place is not as hot as compared to the equator one.

How does surface type determine air temperature?

The temperature of a surface is determined by the balance among the various energy flows that move across it. Net radiation—the balance between incoming shortwave radiation and outgoing longwave radiation—produces a radiant energy flow that can heat or cool a surface.

Why and how does temperature vary over different areas?

The temperature in a certain place is influenced by four main factors. Other factors include the location’s proximity to a body of water, the temperature of ocean currents if the location is near the coast, and the location’s elevation above sea level.

What is the Earth’s temperature?

GISS data show global average temperatures in 2017 rose 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) above the 1951-1980 mean. According to GISS, the global mean surface air temperature for that period was estimated to be 57 F (14 C). That would put the planet’s average surface temperature in 2017 at 58.62 F (14.9 C).

What are the 3 different factors that can change the Earth’s average global temperature?

There are three fundamental ways to change the radiation balance of the Earth: 1) by changing the incoming solar radiation (e.g., by changes in Earth’s orbit or in the Sun itself); 2) by changing the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected (called ‘albedo’; e.g., by changes in cloud cover, atmospheric particles …

How does the temperature vary from place to place in India on the basis of distance from the sea?

The places near the sea experience its moderating effect. It too brings cool and warm currents and maintain a constant temperature. However this moderating influence is not experienced by farther away places due to which they have extremes of climate.

Why is the Earth’s average annual surface temperature so high?

Given the size and tremendous heat capacity of the global oceans, it takes a massive amount of accumulated heat energy to raise Earth’s average yearly surface temperature even a small amount. Behind the seemingly small increase in global average surface temperature over the past century is a significant increase in accumulated heat.

Why is the water temperature higher than the land temperature?

Water has a higher (~4x) heat capacity, which is the amount of heat (measured in calories) required to change the temperature by one degree (Celsius). Water surface temperature change much less rapidly than land–so land areas are often hotter than the nearby ocean during the day, and cooler during the night.

How does temperature change with depth within the Earth?

Figure 9.10 Generalized rate of temperature increase with depth within Earth. Temperature increases to the right, so the flatter the line, the steeper the temperature gradient. Our understanding of the temperature gradient comes from seismic wave information and knowledge of the melting points of Earth’s materials.

What is the temperature of the interior of the Earth?

9.2 The Temperature of Earth’s Interior. The temperature gradient is around 15° to 30°C/km within the upper 100 km; it then drops off dramatically through the mantle, increases more quickly at the base of the mantle, and then increases slowly through the core. The temperature is around 1000°C at the base of the crust,…