How do I read my breast ultrasound results?

How do I read my breast ultrasound results?

Results of a breast ultrasound The images that a breast ultrasound produces are in black and white. Cysts, tumors, and growths will appear as dark areas on the scan. However, a dark spot on your ultrasound doesn’t mean that you have breast cancer. Most breast lumps are benign, or noncancerous.

What does PI and RI mean in pregnancy?

Umbilical artery (UA) Doppler indices, i.e., pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) calculated from blood flow velocities, are used as an important clinical tool for evaluating fetal wellbeing in high-risk pregnancies and to predict outcome of growth restricted fetuses [22].

What is a normal umbilical artery Doppler?

The umbilical arterial waveform usually has a “sawtooth” pattern with flow always in the forward direction, that is towards the placenta. An abnormal waveform shows absent or reversed diastolic flow. Before the 15th week, the absence of diastolic flow may be a normal finding 6.

Is a 1 cm breast cyst big?

Breast cysts may be defined by their size: Microcysts may be seen during imaging tests, such as mammography or ultrasound, but are too small to feel. Macrocysts are large enough to be felt and can grow to about 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 centimeters) in diameter.

What does an abnormal breast ultrasound mean?

Determining the Nature of a Breast Abnormality Breast ultrasound can help determine if an abnormality is solid (which may be a non-cancerous lump of tissue or a cancerous tumor), fluid-filled (such as a benign cyst), or both cystic and solid.

How can you tell the difference between a cyst and a tumor on an ultrasound?

For example, most waves pass through a fluid-filled cyst and send back very few or faint echoes, which look black on the display screen. On the other hand, waves will bounce off a solid tumor, creating a pattern of echoes that the computer will interpret as a lighter-colored image.

What is a normal PI in pregnancy?

The mean PI in the right and left uterine artery are 1.09 and 0.81, with a range of 0.53 – 1.58 and 0.58 – 1.83 respectively.

What is diastolic notch in pregnancy?

Diastolic notch is defined as the slower velocity just after systolic flow but before maximum diastolic flow. To evaluate the depth of the notch, the diastolic notch index was used. The diastolic notch index was quantified by measuring the ratio between the early diastolic flow (A) and peak diastolic flow (B).

Can breast cysts become cancerous?

Cysts are rarely cancerous (malignant) and may be caused by blocked breast glands. Cysts can feel either soft or hard. When close to the surface of the breast, cysts can feel like a large blister, smooth on the outside, but fluid-filled on the inside.

How is ultrasound used in Doppler auscultation?

In addition to visualization, ultrasound can also be used in Doppler auscultation (without visual), similar to using an ultrasound baby monitor, to locate clots or other vascular obstructions or collapse by tracing a blood vessel until sound is no longer heard.

What factors affect the size of the Doppler signal?

The size of the Doppler signal is dependent on: • Blood velocity: as velocity increases, so does the Doppler frequency; • Ultrasound frequency: higher ultrasound frequencies give increased Doppler frequency. As in B-mode, lower ultrasound frequencies have better penetration.

How can a Doppler ultrasound estimate how fast blood flows?

A Doppler ultrasound can estimate how fast blood flows by measuring the rate of change in its pitch (frequency). During a Doppler ultrasound, a technician trained in ultrasound imaging (sonographer) presses a small hand-held device (transducer), about the size of a bar of soap, against your skin over the area…

Can continuous wave Doppler ultrasound be used to produce color images?

Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound is unable to determine the specific location of velocities within the beam and cannot be used to produce color flow images. Relatively inexpensive Doppler ultrasound systems are available which employ continuous wave probes to give Doppler output without the addition of B-mode images.