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What are the atmospheric circulation cells?
Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air by which heat is distributed on the surface of the Earth. The wind belts and the jet streams girdling the planet are steered by three convection cells: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, and the Polar cell.
Why is the global circulation model essential to life on Earth?
A general circulation model (GCM) is a type of climate model. It employs a mathematical model of the general circulation of a planetary atmosphere or ocean. GCMs and global climate models are used for weather forecasting, understanding the climate, and forecasting climate change.
What are the major features associated with the three cell model of global circulation?
Major surface weather characteristics of the Three Cell Model: The Equatorial Doldrums: Rising air creates calms or doldrums in the equatorial region. ITCZ: Rapidly upward moving air forms this line of convection often viewed on satellite images. The Trade Winds: steady northeast winds in the northern hemisphere.
What is the global circulation system?
The global circulation can be described as the world-wide system of winds by which the necessary transport of heat from tropical to polar latitudes is accomplished. In each hemisphere there are three cells (Hadley cell, Ferrel cell and Polar cell) in which air circulates through the entire depth of the troposphere.
What is GCM and RCM?
Dynamical downscaling or regional climate modeling (RCM) also relies on output from GCM simulations. The nesting technique provides a high level of fidelity between the synoptic‑scale GCM fields and the associated mesoscale resolution fields simulated by the RCM.
What are the two primary forces that cause the general circulation of the atmosphere?
Pressure gradient force (flow from high to low pressure) Coriolis force (apparent deflecting force due to the rotation of the Earth) Turbulent drag (Earth’s surface or objects like trees or grass resist air flow and decrease wind speed near the ground)
What is GCM in climate change?
General circulation models (GCMs) are mathematical models capable of representing physical processes of the atmosphere and ocean to simulate response of global climate to the increasing greenhouse gas emission (IPCC, 2013).