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What is the process of RNA transcription?
Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template.
How does RNA translation occur?
Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins. During the elongation stage, the ribosome continues to translate each codon in turn. Each corresponding amino acid is added to the growing chain and linked via a bond called a peptide bond.
How is transcription started?
Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene (directly or through helper proteins). RNA polymerase uses one of the DNA strands (the template strand) as a template to make a new, complementary RNA molecule. Transcription ends in a process called termination.
How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene?
To begin transcribing a gene, RNA polymerase binds to the DNA of the gene at a region called the promoter. Basically, the promoter tells the polymerase where to “sit down” on the DNA and begin transcribing.
How does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. Protein coding genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II into messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that carry the information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis.
Where does translation take place inside the cell?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus, whereas translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
Where does transcription begin and end?
What is the direction in which the transcript produced by RNA polymerase grows?
RNA polymerase synthesizes an RNA transcript complementary to the DNA template strand in the 5′ to 3′ direction. It moves forward along the template strand in the 3′ to 5′ direction, opening the DNA double helix as it goes.