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How electronic devices are made?
In an integrated circuit, electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors are formed directly onto the surface of a silicon crystal. Some dopants bond with the silicon to produce regions where the dopant atoms have one electron they can give up. These are called N regions.
How do you make an integrated circuit?
A typical IC design cycle involves several steps:
- System Specification. Feasibility study and die size estimate.
- Architectural or System Level Design.
- Logic Design.
- Circuit Design.
- Physical Design.
- Physical Verification & Signoff.
- Mask data preparation (Layout Post Processing)
- Wafer fabrication.
What goes into making a computer chip?
Wafers. To make wafers, silicon is purified, melted, and cooled to form an ingot, which is then sliced into discs called wafers. Chips are built simultaneously in a grid formation on the wafer surface in a fabrication facility or “fab.”
Which material is used for making ICs?
silicon
Most ICs are made of silicon, which is abundant in ordinary beach sand. Pure crystalline silicon, as with other semiconducting materials, has a very high resistance to electrical current at normal room temperature.
How ICs are manufactured?
In the manufacturing process of IC, electronic circuits with components such as transistors are formed on the surface of a silicon crystal wafer. A thin film layer that will form the wiring, transistors and other components is deposited on the wafer (deposition). The thin film is coated with photoresist.
How are ICs designed?
So, IC design consists of two distinct processes. First, circuit elements are assembled to perform the objective function. Next, the various geometric shapes that implement those circuit elements must be assembled and interconnected on the silicon substrate.
Which ICs are used in computer?
The correct answer is Silicon. The full form of IC Chips is integrated circuit chips. It is made up of semiconductor material which is normally silicon.
How do circuits work in a computer?
Computer circuits are binary in concept, having only two possible states. They use on-off switches (transistors) that are electrically opened and closed in nanoseconds and picoseconds (billionths and trillionths of a second). A computer’s speed of operation depends on the design of its circuitry.