What is the leading cause of mental retardation?

What is the leading cause of mental retardation?

Down’s syndrome is the most common specific cause of mental retardation, followed by the Fragile X syndrome, which mainly affects boys.

What causes profound intellectual disability?

Some of the most common known causes of intellectual disability – like Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, fragile X syndrome, genetic conditions, birth defects, and infections – happen before birth. Others happen while a baby is being born or soon after birth.

What is profound mental retardation?

Profound Mental Retardation (MR) is defined by the presence of significantly sub average general intellectual functioning as well as significant limitations in adaptive functioning present prior to the age of 18 years. Individuals with a diagnosis of Severe MR generally obtain IQ scores below 20–25 [1, 3, 4].

What is the #1 cause of mental retardation in the USA?

Facts about FASD: • It is the leading known cause of preventable mental retardation. It affects at least 1 in every 100 births in the US. The federal government estimates that each instance of FASD costs from $860,000 – $4.2 million over a lifetime.

What are the causes and symptoms of mental retardation?

Low IQ scores and limitations in adaptive skills are the hallmarks of mental retardation. Aggression, self-injury, and mood disorders are sometimes associated with the disability. The severity of the symptoms and the age at which they first appear depend on the cause.

What is the major cause of mental retardation in phenylketonuria?

1) deficiency. PAH is a liver-specific enzyme that catalyses the hydroxylation of l-phenylalanine (Phe) to l-tyrosine in the presence of the cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. Accumulation of phenylalanine generates a brain damage and consequently irreversible mental retardation.

Which of the following is known to cause intellectual disability?

The three major known causes of intellectual disability are Down syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and Fragile X syndrome.

What are the 4 categories of mental retardation?

The DSM-IV classifies mental retardation into four stages based on severity: mild (IQ score of 50-55 to approximately 70), moderate (IQ score of 30-35 to 50-55), severe (IQ score of 20-25 to 35-40), and profound (IQ score of less than 20-25).

What are the causes of mental retardation PDF?

A number of factors including environmental factors, genetic factors, malnutrition, maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy, drug and poverty are responsible for MR. The congenital dysfunction of brain and injury of brain can also cause MR.

What Phenylketonurics means?

Phenylketonurics” is the term used to refer to people that have the metabolic disorder Phenylketonuria, or PKU for short. So – kind of like how the word “diabetics” refers to people that have “diabetes”, “phenylketonurics” refers to the people that have “phenylketonuria”.

What chromosome is affected by PKU?

Classical PKU is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by mutations in both alleles of the gene for phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), found on chromosome 12.

What are the two most common causes of intellectual disability?

There are many genetic causes of intellectual disability. The two most common are Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.

What are the signs of mental retardation?

Continued infant-like behavior

What are the main symptoms of mental retardation?

Symptoms that can arise in patients with mental retardation, in the form of: Difficulty speaking. Slow in learning important things, like dressing and eating. Difficulties in controlling emotions, such as irritability. Inability to understand the consequences of actions taken. Bad reasoning and difficult problem-solving. Poor memory.

What is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation?

Mental retardation may be caused by an inherited genetic abnormality, such as fragile X syndrome. Fragile X, a defect in the chromosome that determines sex, is the most common inherited cause of mental retardation.

What birth defects can cause mental retardation?

Two of the most common abnormalities, Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome , are also frequent causes of mental retardation. Both can be diagnosed before birth. While neither defect is curable, early intervention allows a child to develop to his full potential.